Pdf ec6802 wireless networks wn books, lecture notes. Network layer climbing up one level above data link layer is the network or internet layer. It can be literally defined as the process of opening a capsule, which, in this case, refers to encapsulated or wrappedup data. For example, a tcpip packet contained within an atm frame is a form of encapsulation. The ohio state university raj jain 2 9 layering protocols of a layer perform a similar set of functions all alternatives for a row have the same interfaces choice of protocols at a layer is independent of those of at other layers. Download the pdf of encapsulation vs decapsulation. This part explains basic wan concepts including terminology, encapsulation methods, switching concepts and encapsulation protocols in detail with example. In encapsulation, the variables of a class will be hidden from other classes, and can be. Tcp header encapsulation the application layers user data is converted for transmission on the network. Network services synchronous session appears as a continuous stream of traffic e. Encapsulation is one of the four fundamental oop concepts.
Other way to think about encapsulation is, it is a protective shield that prevents the data from being accessed by the code outside this shield. In computer networking, encapsulation is a method of designing modular communication protocols in which logically separate functions in the network are abstracted from their underlying structures by inclusion or information hiding within higher level objects the physical layer is responsible for physical transmission of the data, link encapsulation allows local area networking, internet. Encapsulation occurs when a protocol that is on the lower layer receives data from the protocol that is at a higher layer and put the data into a data format. The star topology reduces the chance of network failure by connecting all of the systems to a central node. Here you can download the free lecture notes of data communication and computer networks pdf notes dccn notes pdf materials with multiple file links to download. The encapsulation on a router serial interface must be configured to ensure the correct encapsulation method is used. Frame encapsulated data defined by the network access layer. The term encapsulation describes the process of putting headers and trailers around some data. In software, data encapsulation is the practice of protecting the internal state of a. Once you identify the problem, it can be fixed easily. Ip addresses are 32 bit long, hierarchical addressing scheme. Hardware engineers use this same idea and seal the sensitive parts of the devices they build within a hard case.
Information such as the source and destination ports or sequence and acknowledgment numbers are included in. Encapsulation is a characteristic feature of most networking models, including both the osi model and tcpip suite of protocols. The man network metropolitan area network is a highspeed network broadband that covers larger geographic area such as city tens of kilometers or districts than local area network lan but smaller than wide area network wan and providing the ability to integrate multiple services through the transmission of data, voice, and video, on transmission media such as copper, fiber optics. Computer communication networks department of ece, ace page 3 layer 6. Data encapsulation in the osi model ccna geek university. For the internet, the networklayer protocol is the internet protocol ip encapsulation each protocol has its own envelope each protocol attaches its header to the packet so we have a protocol wrappedencapsulated inside another protocol each layer of header contains a protocol demultiplexing.
Lans are composed of inexpensive networking and routing equipment. The picture below is an example of a simple data transfer between 2 computers and shows how the data is encapsulated and decapsulated. Enter the encapsulation hdlc command to specify the encapsulation protocol on the interface. The lower layer encapsulates the higher layers data between a header data link protocols also add a trailer. Britt chuck davis jason forrester wei liu carolyn matthews nicolas rosselot understand networking fundamentals of the tcpip protocol suite introduces advanced concepts and new technologies includes the latest tcpip protocols front cover. The functional requirements for bluetooth networking encapsulation protocol includes the following. A class encapsulates data about an object with methods for manipulating the data, while controlling access to the data and methods from outside the class so as to ensure consistent behavior.
All layers work together in the correct order to move data around a network. A networking model offers a generic means to separate computer networking functions into multiple layers. The physical layer of the osi model is only part of a lan local area. Samelayer interaction two computers use a protocols to communicate with the same layer on another.
One of the key concepts of networking is this idea of encapsulation and decapsulation of your application data. Data communication and computer network 4 lan provides a useful way of sharing the resources between end users. If the company connects these two lans together using wan technology, a wan is created. Personal area network pan a personal area network pan is a computer network used for communication among computer devices, including telephones and personal digital assistants, in proximity to an individuals body. A computer that needs to send data encapsulates the data in headers of the correct format so that the receiving computer will know how to interpret the received data. Some networks are categorized by their function, as opposed to their size. Osi reference model network reference models a computer network connects two or more devices together to share information and services. Technically in encapsulation, the variables or data of. The term wide area network is used to describe a network that spans multiple geographic locations. Such amodel of layered functionalityis also called aprotocol stackorprotocol suite. The reverse of data encapsulation is decapsulation, which refers to the successive layers of data being removed essentially unwrapped at the receiving end of a network. And a lot of people think its more difficult or unattainable than it really is. Before using this information and the product it supports, read the.
Download link is provided and students can download the anna university ec6802 wireless networks wn syllabus question bank lecture notes syllabus part a 2 marks with answers part b 16 marks question bank with answer, all the materials are listed below for the students to make use of it and score good maximum marks with our study materials. Tcpip tutorial and technical overview ibm redbooks. Encapsulation also can be described as a protective barrier that prevents the code and data being randomly accessed by other code defined outside the class. Generic network virtualization encapsulation, vxlan generic protocol extension, and network service header overview tagging and encapsulation techniques have long been a part of networking. The devices may or may not belong to the person in question. Tcpip tutorial and technical overview lydia parziale david t. The data stream is then broken up and a transport layer header called a segment is created. Create files and store them in one computer, access those files from the other computers connected over the network.
Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism last revised january 26, 2012 objectives. Chapter 0 introduction to tcpip this chapter gives an overview of tcpip networking principles that form the basis of discussion for many of the laboratories that are covered in this text. When the sender and receiver of the ip packet are on the same network, the data link frame is sent directly to. A computer network is a system in which multiple computers are connected to each other to share information and resources characteristics of a computer network. Ive had a lot of networking failures and successes over the years, and i wanted to share some of the networking. Encapsulation in java is a mechanism of wrapping the data variables and code acting on the data methods together as a single unit. Each layers header information would be interpreted and acted upon by a peer layer in another machine. One important piece of information to keep in mind is that data flows 2 ways in the osi model, down data encapsulation and up data decapsulation. Fall 2016, networks ii osi history osi is the open system interconnection reference model for communications.
To introduce the notions of abstract methods, abstract classes, and interfaces. Ip is a standard that defines the manner in which the network layers of two hosts interact. Packet encapsulated data defined by the network layer. Basic ppp configuration sending 5, 100byte icmp echos to 192.
A san storage area network provides systems with highspeed, lossless access to highcapacity storage devices. Data networks lecture 1 introduction mit opencourseware. In other words, the object is treated as a black boxdevelopers who use the object should have no need to understand how it actually works. Jul 12, 20 in computer networking, the term encapsulation is used to refer to the process of each layer at the sending computer adding its own header information, in the form of metadata to the actual payload data. Encapsulation is the technique of making the fields in a class private and providing access to the fields via public methods. The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and controls all functions of the network. The show interfaces interface command will the list the encapsulation type. Support for common networking protocols such as ipv4, ipv6, ipx, and other existing or emerging networking protocols as defined by the network protocol types 3. Layer 3, the network layer of the osi model, provides an endtoend logical addressing system so that a packet of data can be routed across several layer 2 networks ethernet,token ring, frame relay, etc. In point to point link, encapsulation method at both ends must be same otherwise link will never come up. Data encapsulation keith gebhardt 5 when we discuss either of the network models, we always talk about them from the application layer, working our way down, when discussing data encapsulation. When referring to networking, encapsulation is the process of taking data from one protocol and translating it into another protocol, so the data can continue across a network. In a sitetosite vpn, devices in the service provider network also fall into one of two categories.
In software, data encapsulation is the practice of protecting the internal state of a computer object from tampering by other objects. Note that network layer addresses can also be referred to as logical addresses. Tcp transmission control protocol and udp user datagram. The resources such as printers, file servers, scanners, and internet are easily sharable among computers. A vpn virtual private network allows for information to be securely sent across a public or unsecure network, such as the internet.
Protocol information can be added before and after the data. Some participants in osis creation and development wanted osi to become the networking protocol used by all. As various approaches for virtual networks have gained support, network virtualization has become an increasingly popular topic in. Data encapsulation refers to sending data where the data is augmented with successive layers of control information before transmission across a network.
Each of these layers relies on the layers below it to provide supporting capabilities and performs support to the layers above it. The most common encapsulation type is hdlc and most framing protocols are based on it. The message used to communicate information for a particular protocol is called its protocol data unit pdu in osi model terminology. The data communication using tcpip and ethernet as it is passed down the. The data is encapsulated with protocol information at each osi reference model layer when a host transmits data to another device across a network. Difference between encapsulation and decapsulation. A header contains the source and destination ip addresses. A company has two offices, one in london and one in berlin. Encapsulation each layer uses encapsulation to add the information its peer needs on the receiving system. In oo systems, the class is the basic unit of encapsulation. The key difference between lans and wans is that the. All the following books are quite good, you can use bits of whichever one you want. Althoughtcpip has been used for network communications before the adoption of the osi model, it supports the same functions and features in a differently layered arrangement. Multiple networks connected together form an internetwork.
Tcpip encapsulate upper layers using headers for the purpose of exchanging control and status information about the progress of the communication because its protocols also engage in peer talk by encapsulating data with protocol headers before submitting it to the underlying layer for subsequent delivery to the network. Service provider p devicesp devices are devices such as routers and switches within the provider network that do not directly connect to customer networks. Understanding data encapsulation the sending and receiving of data from a source device to the destination device is possible with the help of networking protocols when data encapsulation is used. Ive got a summary of the different communication layers at the left, theres an application layer, a transport layer, an internet layer, and a link layer. Mobile networking concepts and protocols cnt 5517 dr. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This layer is usually part of an operating system os and converts incoming and outgoing data from one presentation format to another for example, from clear text to encrypted text at one end and back to clear text at the other. Introduction to networking protocols and architecture. A networking model offers a generic means to separate computer networking functions into. Encapsulation of one layers information inside another layer is a key part of how tcpip works. It is the mechanism that binds together code and the data it manipulates. Internetwork a network of networks is called an internetwork, or simply the internet. Data communication and computer networks pdf notes dccn.
To introduce issues that arise with subclasses protected visibility, use of the. Internetworking present challenges interoperating between products from different manufacturers requires consistent standards. Note the term decapsulation refers to the process of removing headers. Segment encapsulated data as defined by the transport layer. Encapsulation tunnel, loopback not set keepalive not set tunnel source 10. Cisco hdlc frames contain a field for identifying the network protocol being encapsulated. In the network diagrammed above, all links are pointtopoint, and so each interface corresponds to the unique immediate neighbor reached by that interface. Computer networks and internets with internet applications. The key difference between encapsulation and decapsulation is that, in encapsulation. The data communication and computer networks notes pdf dccn pdf notes book starts with the topics covering communications, multiplexing and spreading, block coding, backbone networks, logical addressing, process toproccss delivery, network management system, etc. Data encapsulation in the osi model just like with the tcpip layers, each osi layer asks for services from the next lower layer. Hi there, here i am providing you the best notes on computer networking unit wise as per rgpv pattern to the point computre networking notes pdf free download or. When referring to programming, encapsulation is information in a module or.
Its a word with a lot of preconceived notions attached to it. This layer conveys a packet across different networks to any addressable destination. In networking model, the terms encapsulation and deencapsulation refer to a process in which protocol information is added to the data and removed from the data when it passes through the layers. Using the example of a web access, the chapter gives some insight into the intricacies and complexities of tcpip networking.
Decapsulation is the process of opening up encapsulated data that are usually sent in the form of packets over a communication network. The other three are inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. There are two steps to reenable hdlc encapsulation. Encapsulation is a process to hide or protect a process from the possibility of outside interference or misuse of the system while simplifying the use of the system itself, also makes one type of network data packets to other data types. Core network bts bsc gprs access bts bsc gsm network 2g ggsn sgsn cn internet ip mobility and cellular networks mail. Encapsulation is defined as the wrapping up of data under a single unit. Many protocols are used for networking various computing devices together.
If you like this article, please dont forget to share it with friends through your favorite social site. Ive had a lot of networking failures and successes over the years, and i wanted to share some of the networking tips and tricks ive learned. Bluetooth network encapsulation protocol bnep specification. Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator before continuing to its destination. The computer in the above picture needs to send some data. It is analogous to removing the letter from the envelope by the receiver. Enter the interface configuration mode of the serial interface. Learn how data is encapsulated and deencapsulated when it passes through the layers of osi and tcpip models. The network layer adds a header to the information it receives from the. The protocols we will cover will be the ones you need to know for this course so you understand the data encapsulation examples we use later in this course.
The data communication and computer networks notes pdf dccn pdf notes book starts with the topics covering communications, multiplexing and spreading, block coding, backbone. Based on the internet protocol ip, which provides the frame for transmitting data from place a to place b. Decapsulation is the reverse process of encapsulation, wherein each layer at the receiving computer, interprets the header information sent by its peer layer, takes the required action based on the information and finally removes the header, before passing on the data to the next higher layer. The network layer addresses, or ip addresses, indicate the network and host address of the source and destination. Information such as the source and destination ports or sequence and acknowledgment numbers are included in the header. Data communication and computer network 6 wan may use advanced technologies such as asynchronous transfer mode atm, frame relay, and synchronous optical network sonet. The process of encapsulation makes the whole architecture workable. The data stream is then handed down to the transport layer, which sets up a virtual circuit to the destination.
Network datalink physical application presentation session transport network datalink physical network datalink physical physical medium host a host b router encapsulation a layer can use only the service provided by the layer immediate below it each layer may change and add a header to data packet higher layers header is treated. The data is encapsulated with protocol information at each osi reference model layer. Here is a graphical representation of the pdus in the. Summary encapsulation vs decapsulation a network is a connection with a large number of devices. Encapsulation is the exposure of properties and methods of an object while hiding the actual implementation from the outside world. For example, the term layer 3 pdu refers to the data encapsulated at the network layer of the osi model. The encapsulation method can differ depending on the wan technology used.